Histogram activity
Objective: The students will be able to understand that histogram is similar to a bar graph and be able to define mean and know how to apply it to a histogram.
Big Idea: Students will see how an actuary uses histograms to analyze the frequency of events to determine risk.
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Read a short article about actuaries. After the students have completed the article, have them partner up to make a list of information learned about the actuary’s job. Once everyone has their list, you can do an “I have that” to go over list.
Resource: Actuary’s job description
To start the lesson, ask students about histograms.
What do they tell us?
How are they like a bar graph?
How are they different?
Which measure of central tendency can be found in a histogram?
Once you have reviewed this data display ask students to sketch the following example: A histogram showing the number of books read during several months. Allow students time to sketch their display. Once complete, do a Hands Up, Stand UP, Pair up to discuss sketches. Students should be instructed to look for differences in displays and decide if the differences change the way the data looks and/or if the data is still represented correctly (MP3)
Next, review the job of an actuary. Explain to students that actuaries can use histograms to compare ranges of data – ex., about populations – and graph the mean.
Review the definition of mean and explain that in this activity the mean represents the single amount of money each person filing a claim would have to pay so that the total amount would cover the costs of all claims, regardless of individual claim amounts. For example, if 5 different people have the following claim amounts: $10, $15, $25, $30, $100 (have the students calculate the mean) Ask the students what this number tells us? (looking for students to say that $36 would be the average amount people would have to pay so that all costs would be covered)
Distribute the Histograms Manage a Flood of Data worksheet. Allow students time to look over the sheet without working. Specifically, draw their attention to the table and ask them what information is being displayed in the table. Then, ask students what they are being asked to do? (create a histogram)
What do they notice about the histogram that they may not have seen before? (there is a break in data between 10,000 and 100,000)
Will this graph be misleading because of the break in data? (depends on how the break is shown on the graph)
Give students time to complete the activity worksheet. When they are done, have students partner up to share their responses. I always make sure students know that when sharing response and there isn’t a similar answer, they must go over through their thinking with their partner to decide if their response is accurate or not.
