In first grade, the operations standards specifically focus on students being able to solve problems where the start is missing. This is the most difficult kind of subtraction problem that students in first grade encounter because it is so difficult to act out! Students can't get a fixed quantity and then directly model it. Using storyboards to think about what happened first, next and last helps kids to conceptually visualize the problems.
Hook: I have some cookies behind my screen. It is a mystery how many I have! You are going to use your smart math brains to figure it out today.
Review and Connect:
We created storyboards for some fun problems yesterday and thought about which part we didn’t know in the story problem. Today, we are going to act out some more story problems. This is important because mathematicians have to be able to solve for every kind of problem, even when they don't know how many to begin with!
Objective:
Your thinking job is: How can I act out and write a matching number sentence for a problem when the whole is missing?
Teacher needs a screen or a jar to "hide" the cookies in! Kids can't see how many cookies to begin with.
Present Problem: I have some cookies back here. And I look around the rug and I see _______ doing a great job! So I am going to give her 1 cookie. I have 11 cookies left behind my screen. (I'll show the rest of the cookies). How many cookies did I start with?
Discuss the problem:
I am going to put a question mark for that part of the story. I don’t know how many cookies I had then so I will put “? Cookies at first”.
Solve the problem: I will give students whiteboards or have them do this at their desk. I want them to quickly show a strategy for how many I started with. Watch this Student Whiteboard Strategies video - you'll see how I structure this time logistically and also a variety of strategies students might use to solve this problem!
After students solve, I'll have students share in partners how they solved and I'll have one student share with the class.
Partner talk: Why was the number at the beginning greater?
Present Student Share Problem: Ms. Cole has cookies in her basket. She gives 2 of them to her friend. She has 13 cookies left. How many cookies did Ms. Cole have in her basket at first?
Students storyboard this problem on whiteboards to push active engagement and then share with a partner. See how one student represented the problem: Student Representation Example
“Now write a number sentence that matches this story. Did we add or take away? We took away! Let’s use a heart for the missing part today”
Partner talk Questions:
I'll quickly model how 2 students solved, first with cubes to help students visualize the action and then with a number line. This helps students move from concrete (cubes) to a more abstract way of thinking (numerical representation), which supports students engaging with MP2 - Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
Partner talk: Retell that strategy to a partner.
If time, we will do another problem together with whiteboards.
Students storyboard and solve storyboards at their desk! See attached Start Unknown Strategy Guide.docx for ways students might solve. The guide includes different questions you can ask to push students to try more efficient strategies.
Cookie Start Unknown Day 2.docx includes problems for all 3 groups!
I'll share one student's strategy to the class. I'll choose a student who used a "Think Addition" strategy. This student combined the two original numbers and either counted on using fingers to keep track or counted on using a number line. This is the next level strategy for most students so I want them to end the day focusing on this idea.